What is an environmental impact assessment (EIA)?

An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is fundamentally a systematic process that evaluates the potential environmental effects of a proposed project or development before it is approved. The core objective of an EIA is to ensure that decision-makers and the public are aware of the possible environmental consequences of their actions. This process includes analyzing various factors such as air quality, water resources, wildlife, and land use, and it often involves public consultation to incorporate stakeholder input and concerns.

This proactive approach allows for the identification of possible adverse effects early in the planning stages, enabling developers to modify their plans to mitigate negative impacts or to explore alternative options. By requiring this assessment, governments and organizations aim to promote sustainable development practices that balance economic growth with the protection of the environment.