Which two international agreements are primarily focused on climate change?

The Paris Agreement and the Kyoto Protocol are two pivotal international agreements specifically aimed at addressing climate change. The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997 and entered into force in 2005, established legally binding obligations for developed countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It was one of the first global efforts to create a framework for mitigating climate change through binding commitments.

The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, represented a significant advancement in global climate governance. Unlike the Kyoto Protocol, which set strict targets for developed countries, the Paris Agreement encourages all countries to set their own nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to reduce emissions and aims to limit global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. This agreement emphasizes global cooperation, transparency, and support for developing nations to combat climate change.

In contrast, the other agreements mentioned in the other choices do not primarily focus on climate change. For example, the Montreal Protocol is centered around protecting the ozone layer by phasing out substances that deplete it, while the Lisbon Treaty and the Geneva Convention focus on political and humanitarian issues, respectively. The Rio Declaration outlines principles for sustainable development but is not solely a climate change agreement, and the Helsinki Accords are primarily related to security and human rights